Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed ________.

Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed ________.

• A. Modeling
• B. Libido
• C. Counter Conditioning
• D. Trait Theory

Answer: (A)

Vicarious conditioning is learning that happens by watching someone else perform a behavior and observe the outcomes they experience. The behavior and its consequences observed in a model guide the observer’s future actions, often leading to imitation if the model is reinforced and avoidance if punished. That’s why modeling is the best descriptor here—it captures the process of learning through observing others and the results of their actions. Libido, counterconditioning, and trait theory describe unrelated concepts: libido is psychodynamic energy, counterconditioning is a therapy technique to replace a response, and trait theory concerns stable personality traits rather than learning from observation.

Vicarious conditioning is learning that happens by watching someone else perform a behavior and observe the outcomes they experience. The behavior and its consequences observed in a model guide the observer’s future actions, often leading to imitation if the model is reinforced and avoidance if punished. That’s why modeling is the best descriptor here—it captures the process of learning through observing others and the results of their actions. Libido, counterconditioning, and trait theory describe unrelated concepts: libido is psychodynamic energy, counterconditioning is a therapy technique to replace a response, and trait theory concerns stable personality traits rather than learning from observation.